
F. William Engdahl | The Lost Hegemon, The Oligarchs’ Decline, & What Comes Next
Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Fethullah Gulen, and Chechnya
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization was formed in 2001 by Russia and China to counter CIA-backed destabilization in Central Asia. The Fethullah Gulen organization is identified as a CIA front used to infiltrate former Soviet territories through schools and madrasas. Conflicts in Chechnya and Azerbaijan are described as American-led attempts to control oil pipelines and break apart the Russian Federation.

